Una folla felice 1724
Francois Valentijn
€ 650
Inter-Antiquariaat Mefferdt & De Jonge
- A proposito di opere d'arteVIEW OF 17TH CENTURY MACAO “Platte Grond vande Stadt Macao”. Copper engraving from François Valentyn’s “Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indien”, engraved by Jan van Braam and published in Dordrecht by Gerard onder de Linden in 1724-1726. Coloured by a later hand. Size: 29 x 36 cm. A fine view of the city of Macao from Lappa Island, extending to the Barrier Gate at the north of the promontory. European vessels and junks sail the surrounding waters. After the Portuguese were allowed to permanently settle in Macau I 1557, both Chinese and Portuguese merchants flocked to Macau. It quickly became an important hub in the development of Portugal’s trade along three major routes: Macau–Malacca–Goa–Lisbon, Guangzhou–Macau–Nagasaki and Macau–Manila–Mexico. The Guangzhou–Macau–Nagasaki route was particularly profitable because the Portuguese acted as middlemen, shipping Chinese silks to Japan and Japanese silver to China, making significant profits in the process. Macau's golden age coincided with the union of the Spanish and Portuguese crowns, between 1580 and 1640. King Philip II of Spain was encouraged to not harm the status quo, to allow trade to continue between Portuguese Macau and Spanish Manila, and to not interfere with Portuguese trade with China. The alliance of Portugal with Spain meant that Portuguese colonies became targets for the Netherlands, which was involved at the time in a lengthy struggle for its independence from Spain, in the Eighty Years’ War. After the Dutch East India Company was founded in 1602, the Dutch unsuccessfully attacked Macau several times. As well as being an important trading post, Macau was a centre of activity for Catholic missionaries, as it was seen as a gateway for the conversion of the vast populations of China and Japan. In 1685, the privileged position of the Portuguese in trade with China ended, following a decision by the Kangxi Emperor of China to allow trade with all foreign countries. Over the next century, England, the Dutch Republic, France, Denmark, Sweden, the United States and Russia moved in, establishing factories and offices in Guangzhou and Macau. On the print, below the view, is an index showing the major buildings and fortresses, including Fort de Baare, Fortress of Our Lady of Bom Parto, Fort St Paulo [??? - Monte Fort]. Churches and convents including, St. Layrentio, St. Angostino, de Seo [Cathedral], St. Dominic's Church, St. Francisco, Cloister St. Paulo, St. Pedro, St. Joan, St. Antoni, St. Lazarus’ Church and Nossa Senora de Gia. Also indicated is the Shineesches Pagode [A-ma Temple]. François Valentijn was a prominent historian of the Dutch East India Company (V.O.C.) who is best known for “Oud en Nieuw Oost Indiën”, his vast illustrated account of the Dutch trading empire in Asia. He travelled to the East Indies twice and served as Calvinist minister to Ambon between 1686 and 1694. In preparing this monumental work, he was given privileged access to the previously secret archives of the V.O.C., containing transcripts and copies of important earlier Dutch voyages. While Valentijn’s maps and diagrams were prized possessions, his scholarship, judging by 21st century standards was unscrupulous. Valentijn’s use of the products of other scientists’ and writers’ intellectual labour and his passing it off as his own, reveals a penchant for self-aggrandisement. Price: Euro 650,-
- A proposito di opere artista
François Valentijn (Dordrecht, 17 aprile 1666 – L'Aia, 6 agosto 1727) fu un ministro, storico e cronista olandese di eccezionale importanza per la conoscenza dell'Asia all'inizio del XVIII secolo. Fu inviato due volte in Oriente al servizio della Compagnia Olandese delle Indie Orientali (VOC), un'esperienza che costituì la base per la monumentale opera della sua vita, Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën (Vecchie e Nuove Indie Orientali).
Dopo essere tornato nei Paesi Bassi, Valentijn si dedicò alla compilazione di quest'opera vasta e ineguagliabile, mai eguagliata per portata e livello di dettaglio. In un'epoca in cui la VOC manteneva le sue informazioni strettamente riservate, riuscì ad accumulare un vasto corpus di conoscenze utilizzando tutte le fonti orali e scritte che riuscì a ottenere. La sua forza risiedeva non solo nella curiosità e nella tenacia, ma anche nel suo talento di narratore: Valentijn scriveva in modo vivido, preciso e con una prospettiva straordinariamente ampia.
In Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën (Vecchie e Nuove Indie Orientali), glorificò esplicitamente la potenza e l'impero olandese in Asia. Valentijn era un convinto nazionalista e considerava sua missione principale descrivere la potenza olandese in Oriente e dimostrare così che la Repubblica non aveva perso la forza dei suoi antenati batavi. Nella prefazione alla sua opera, sottolineò il suo desiderio di rendere visibili il progresso e la gloria dei Paesi Bassi nel corso dei secoli.
Questo atteggiamento gli valse la reputazione di storico un po' egocentrico e vanitoso. Eppure, questa critica non sminuisce minimamente il valore duraturo della sua opera. È proprio attraverso le sue descrizioni dettagliate che l'interazione tra europei e asiatici diventa vividamente visibile: non solo i rapporti di potere coloniali, ma anche gli incontri culturali, le incomprensioni e le influenze reciproche trovano spazio nella sua narrazione.
François Valentijn rimane quindi una figura complessa: nazionalista e cronista allo stesso tempo, predicatore e storico, scrittore vanitoso e fonte indispensabile. La sua opera rimane un testo fondamentale per comprendere la presenza olandese in Asia e la più ampia storia mondiale dell'inizio dell'età moderna.
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